Net Present Value (NPV) is a key financial metric used by businesses to evaluate the profitability of an investment. By discounting all expected future cash flows back to their present value, NPV helps determine whether an investment will add value to the company. To calculate NPV, first estimate all cash inflows and outflows related to the investment over a specific period. Next, determine the discount rate, which reflects the time value of money and the risk associated with the investment. Finally, use these figures to calculate the present value of all cash flows and subtract the initial investment. A positive NPV indicates that the investment is expected to generate returns greater than the cost of capital, making it a worthwhile venture. Conversely, a negative NPV suggests the investment may not be profitable. Understanding NPV is crucial for financial managers to make informed decisions and maximize the value of investments.